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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

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Capturing and visualizing transient X-ray wavefront topological features by single-grid phase imaging.

Kaye S Morgan, Timothy C Petersen, Martin Donnelley

|November 10, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a single-grid X-ray phase contrast imaging technique for precisely detecting phase singularities and features in X-ray wavefields. The method enhances visualization of weakly-attenuating samples and improves phase retrieval.

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Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

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Published on: February 25, 2015

Area of Science:

Physics
Wave Optics
Materials Science

Background:

Detecting and characterizing phase singularities in X-ray wavefields is challenging, especially for time-evolving fields.
Weakly-attenuating samples create detailed phase variations, complicating analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a single-grid, single-exposure X-ray phase contrast imaging technique for direct measurement of phase features.
To enable visualization of weakly-attenuating samples and improve phase retrieval.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a single-grid, single-exposure X-ray phase contrast imaging technique.
Employing branch cuts in the phase gradient angle for feature characterization.
Developing an advanced two-stage approach for single-grid phase retrieval.

Main Results:

Direct measurement of phase maxima, minima, saddle points, and vortices in X-ray wavefields.
High-resolution vector measurements for visualizing sample features.
Phase gradient angle for localization and tracking; gradient magnitude for enhanced projection visualization.

Conclusions:

The single-grid technique effectively addresses challenges in X-ray phase field characterization.
The proposed visualization modalities offer improved sample analysis and feature tracking.
The advanced phase retrieval method enhances the technique's utility.