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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic and Molecular Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) offer novel capabilities for investigating transition metal electronic structures and dynamics.
    • L-edge absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a key technique, but its application at XFELs requires narrower x-ray bandwidth than typically provided by self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE).
    • Existing methods necessitate additional monochromatization, complicating experiments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of monochromatizing self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) radiation versus a novel self-seeding technique at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) for L-edge XAS.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of performing L-edge XAS using LCLS self-seeding without external monochromators.
    • To investigate the influence of undulator configurations on spectral shape and pulse energy for XAS measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of L-edge XAS on a model transition metal system using two XFEL radiation modes: SASE with external monochromatization and self-seeded LCLS radiation.
    • Characterization of spectral properties and pulse energy of the self-seeding scheme under varying undulator parameters.
    • Analysis of the impact of these parameters on the resulting XAS measurements.

    Main Results:

    • L-edge XAS can be successfully performed using the LCLS self-seeding scheme, eliminating the need for an additional beamline monochromator.
    • The spectral shape and pulse energy of the self-seeding radiation are tunable via the undulator setup.
    • These tunable properties directly influence the quality and outcome of the x-ray spectroscopy measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The self-seeding technique provides a more streamlined approach for L-edge XAS at XFELs.
    • This method enhances the study of electronic structure and dynamics in transition metal systems.
    • Optimizing undulator parameters in the self-seeding scheme is crucial for effective XAS experiments.