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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

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In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

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In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
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Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods01:30

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods

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Pharmacokinetics is a vital branch of pharmacology that examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Two key methodologies in pharmacokinetics are plasma drug concentration studies and urinary drug excretion analyses, both of which provide critical insights into a drug's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Plasma Drug Concentration-Time StudiesPlasma drug concentration-time studies involve analyzing blood samples at specific intervals to quantify...
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One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model01:12

One-Compartment Open Model for Extravascular Administration: Zero-Order Absorption Model

485
Extravascular administration, such as oral or intramuscular routes, is a non-invasive drug delivery method, often preferred for ease and patient compliance. A key factor here is absorption, which dictates how quickly and effectively the drug enters the bloodstream from the administration site. Absorption follows either zero-order or first-order kinetics.
Zero-order absorption maintains a steady rate irrespective of the amount of drug left to be absorbed, making it a constant process. In the...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

703
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Maximal absorption regime in random media.

Volodymyr B Koman, Christian Santschi, Olivier J F Martin

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    |November 10, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers maximized optical energy absorption using random media. This breakthrough enhances technologies like solar cells and biosensors, achieving up to 99% absorption in thin devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Efficient optical energy transfer is crucial for technologies like biosensing and photovoltaics.
    • Maximizing absorption in specific volumes is a key challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate maximized optical absorption in a specific volume using a random medium.
    • To identify design rules for optimizing absorption based on geometrical and scattering properties.
    • To explore the potential of random media in enhancing light trapping for devices like solar cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations to model light propagation and absorption.
    • Analytical diffusion model to derive design rules.
    • Integration of random media with open photonic cavities.

    Main Results:

    • A 23-fold enhancement in absorbed energy was achieved by combining a random medium with a photonic cavity.
    • Absorption as high as 99% was demonstrated in a 500 μm thin device.
    • A non-absorbing random medium enhanced absorption by a factor of 2.2 in thin solar cells.
    • The absorption enhancement is broadband and wide-angle.

    Conclusions:

    • Introducing a random medium with an appropriate filling factor can maximize absorption.
    • This approach provides a pathway for designing highly efficient solar cells, light trapping devices, biosensors, and random lasers.
    • The findings offer practical design rules for optimizing optical absorption in various applications.