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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Published on: August 8, 2025
Hydrophilic polymer embolization: another differential diagnosis of iatrogenic leg embolization after transcatheter
Ikki Komatsu1, Hirotsugu Mitsuhashi2, Mikihiko Nakaoka2
1Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, 5-12-3 Akashichou, Chuou-ku, Tokyo, 106-0085, Japan. ikkikoma@luke.ac.jp.
Abstract:
In daily practice, the iatrogenic complication hydrophilic polymer embolization (HPE) is under-recognized. An 86-year-old male experienced a distal foot embolization after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Rashes appeared only in the access side foot just after the procedure. Gradual worsening of the rashes was first thought to be cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE), but a pathological examination revealed HPE. The clinical course following the diagnosis was uneventful without notable treatment. We experienced a rare but important alternative differential diagnosis of CCE after catheter intervention.
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