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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Published on: March 5, 2018

Diagnosing haemophagocytic syndrome.

Ethan S Sen¹, Colin G Steward², Athimalaipet V Ramanan¹

¹Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.

Archives of Disease in Childhood

|November 11, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe immune disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve survival rates for this life-threatening condition.

Keywords:

Haematology Infectious Diseases Rheumatology haemophagocytic syndrome macrophage activation syndrome

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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma

Published on: January 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Hematology
Rheumatology

Background:

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome due to immune system overactivation.
It arises from genetic defects or secondary triggers like infections, cancers, or autoimmune diseases (termed Macrophage Activation Syndrome, MAS).
HLH presents with fever, enlarged spleen/liver, rash, low blood counts, bleeding issues, liver inflammation, and very high ferritin levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and improved outcomes of HLH.
To highlight the critical role of early recognition and treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical features and diagnostic criteria for HLH and MAS.
Emphasis on key laboratory findings, including serum ferritin levels.
Discussion of differential diagnosis, particularly with systemic sepsis.

Main Results:

HLH is characterized by a distinct set of clinical and laboratory abnormalities.
A serum ferritin level exceeding 10,000 µg/L strongly suggests HLH.
Distinguishing HLH from sepsis poses a diagnostic challenge.

Conclusions:

Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the historically poor prognosis of HLH.
Advancements in treatment over the last two decades have led to better patient outcomes.