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A framework for negotiating positionality in phenomenological research.

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This guide introduces the "3+1" framework for phenomenological research in education. It helps researchers navigate diverse approaches by considering focus, pre-understandings, and participant engagement.

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Area of Science:

  • Education Research Methodology
  • Qualitative Research Methods
  • Phenomenology

Background:

  • Phenomenology offers a unique lens for understanding educational issues through individual experiences.
  • Diverse philosophical roots lead to varied phenomenological approaches.
  • A need exists for clear frameworks to guide phenomenological researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a framework for positioning and understanding different phenomenological research approaches.
  • To aid education researchers considering phenomenology as a methodology.
  • To clarify the variations within phenomenological research.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of the "3+1" framework for phenomenological research.
  • Articulation of three key dimensions: general/particular focus, reduction/reflexivity for pre-understandings, and description/interpretation of participant stories.
  • Emphasis on the role of writing as an overarching, reflective process.

Main Results:

  • The "3+1" framework identifies key dimensions where phenomenological researchers vary.
  • Researchers can intentionally shift positions across dimensions based on context and purpose.
  • The framework encourages a reflective and adaptable approach to phenomenological inquiry.

Conclusions:

  • The "3+1" framework offers a structured way to understand and apply diverse phenomenological methods in education.
  • Flexibility in applying the framework's dimensions is crucial for rigorous research.
  • Reflective writing is integral to the phenomenological research process.