Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

130
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
130
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

460
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
460
Modeling and Similitude01:12

Modeling and Similitude

303
Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
303
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

250
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
250
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

32.0K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.0K
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

174
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
174

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

When I say … lore.

Medical education·2026
Same author

Structural Competency: A Lifeline in a Time of Crisis.

AEM education and training·2026
Same author

Bot-Tastic: Overload Burden of Unsolicited Peer Review Requests, Field of Expertise, and Narrative Hot-Takes.

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·2026
Same author

A Consensus Based Research Agenda for Faculty and Learner Development in Competency Based Medical Education.

AEM education and training·2026
Same author

A qualitative exploration of first-in-family medical students' decisions to partake in noncurricular activities.

Medical education·2026
Same author

Educational Strategies to Prepare Trainees for Clinical Uncertainty. Reply.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same journal

Ten-year outcomes from the Columbia-Bassett program: a model for strengthening the underserved health workforce.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same journal

Artificial intelligence teaching assistants: a scalable solution for supporting struggling medical students.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same journal

MDCU MedUMORE: a national digital platform for equitable and lifelong medical education in Thailand and beyond.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same journal

The Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Program: A Model for Increasing Diversity in Surgical Specialties.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same journal

Toward a global ecosystem for health professions education: harnessing open educational resources and generative AI with shared governance.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same journal

Associations of marital status with well-being and career intentions among medical residents: a national survey in Japan.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
08:08

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery

Published on: May 6, 2020

3.7K

Fostering Adaptive Expertise Through Simulation.

Samuel O Clarke1, Jonathan S Ilgen2, Glenn Regehr3

  • 1S.O. Clarke is associate professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0003-3762-1727 .

Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|April 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Technology-enhanced simulation in health professions education often focuses on performance. Shifting to adaptive expertise principles can foster deeper understanding and innovative problem-solving by embracing uncertainty and struggle.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

9.0K
Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research
07:15

Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research

Published on: December 18, 2020

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 1, 2025

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
08:08

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery

Published on: May 6, 2020

3.7K
Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

9.0K
Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research
07:15

Tactile Vibrating Toolkit and Driving Simulation Platform for Driving-Related Research

Published on: December 18, 2020

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Health Professions Education
  • Medical Simulation
  • Educational Technology

Background:

  • Technology-enhanced simulation is widely used in health professions education.
  • Current approaches often emphasize mastery learning, focusing on performance and task completion.
  • This performance orientation may limit the development of deeper conceptual understanding and innovative problem-solving skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the unintended consequences of performance-oriented simulation in health professions education.
  • To propose adaptive expertise as a framework for enhancing simulation design and learning outcomes.
  • To explore how embracing uncertainty and individuality can foster deeper learning in simulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis of simulation in health professions education.
  • Examination of principles of adaptive expertise from other educational contexts.
  • Theoretical exploration of how to integrate adaptive expertise into simulation design and debriefing.

Main Results:

  • The dominance of mastery learning in simulation has led to a focus on observable performance, potentially constraining learning.
  • Adaptive expertise principles suggest that embracing uncertainty, struggle, and invention can lead to deeper conceptual understanding.
  • Rethinking simulation design to incorporate individuality and ill-defined problems can better prepare trainees for complex clinical challenges.

Conclusions:

  • A shift from performance-based to adaptive expertise-focused simulation is needed.
  • Simulation design should intentionally incorporate elements of uncertainty and allow for learner individuality and inventiveness.
  • Reimagining simulation scenarios and debriefing strategies can unlock new potential for developing adaptive expertise in healthcare professionals.