Cingulo-opercular network efficiency mediates the association between psychotic-like experiences and cognitive
Julia M Sheffield1, Sridhar Kandala2, Gregory C Burgess3
1Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|November 12, 2016
Summary
Psychotic-like experiences are linked to lower cognitive ability and altered brain network efficiency. Cingulo-opercular network integrity may underlie this association, suggesting a shared risk mechanism for psychosis spectrum disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Psychosis exists on a spectrum, with some individuals experiencing psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) without significant impairment.
- PLEs are associated with cognitive and brain network alterations, but the interplay is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between PLEs, cognitive abilities, and functional brain network efficiency in a non-psychiatric sample.
- To explore whether specific brain networks mediate the association between PLEs and cognition.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of resting-state fMRI, neuropsychological tasks, and self-report data from 468 Human Connectome Project participants.
- Examined global efficiency of fronto-parietal (FPN), cingulo-opercular (CON), and default mode (DMN) networks.
Main Results:
- 21.6% reported PLEs, which negatively correlated with cognitive ability, CON, and DMN efficiency.
- Cognitive ability positively correlated with CON and DMN efficiency.
- CON efficiency partially mediated the link between PLEs and cognition.
Conclusions:
- Cingulo-opercular network integrity is implicated as a shared mechanism in psychosis risk and cognitive deficits.
- Findings suggest CON integrity is crucial for understanding the psychosis spectrum.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:27Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
2.3K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
2.3K
01:30Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
882
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
882
01:15Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes
253
Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
253
01:28Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
1.1K
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
1.1K
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
756
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
756
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
648
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
648