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Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference between Two Deterministic Collective Excitations in an Atomic Ensemble.

Jun Li1,2,3, Ming-Ti Zhou1,2,3, Bo Jing1,2,3

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Researchers generated two distinct collective excitations in an atomic ensemble and observed Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between them. This demonstrates a novel method for quantum sensing with enhanced magnetic field sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Collective excitations in atomic ensembles are crucial for quantum information processing.
  • Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is a fundamental phenomenon demonstrating quantum indistinguishability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deterministically generate and interfere two distinct collective excitations in a single atomic ensemble.
  • To investigate the potential of these entangled states for enhanced quantum sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Rydberg blockade to create single collective excitations in different Zeeman levels.
  • Employing stimulated Raman transitions for beam-splitter operations on atomic modes.
  • Converting atomic excitations to photons for coincidence detection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two distinct collective excitations with 0.89(6) visibility.
  • Demonstrated an entangled NOON state of collective atomic excitations.
  • Showcased two times enhanced sensitivity to magnetic fields compared to single excitations.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully implements a minimal instance of boson sampling using collective atomic excitations.
  • This work opens avenues for multimode and multiexcitation studies in atomic ensembles.
  • The demonstrated technique offers a promising platform for advanced quantum sensing applications.