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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
Published on: September 7, 2018
Mouse Immunization with Purified Needle Proteins from Type III Secretion Systems and the Characterization of the
Travis D Alvine1, David S Bradley2, Matthew L Nilles3
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 Columbia Road North, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
Abstract:
Many Gram-negative pathogens utilize a type III secretion (T3S) system to directly deliver effector molecules into host eukaryotic cells to manipulate cellular processes. These surface-exposed syringe-like structures are highly conserved, necessary for pathogenesis, and hence are therapeutic targets against a number of Gram-negative pathogens. Here we describe a protocol for using purified needle proteins to immunize mice, and subsequently, ways to characterize the immune response to immunization.

