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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Future Therapies in Obesity.

Octavia Pickett-Blakely1, Carolyn Newberry2

  • 1GI Nutrition, Obesity and Celiac Disease Program, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Convention Avenue, 4 South, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
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PubMed
Summary

New obesity therapies are needed as diet and exercise show limited long-term success. Minimally invasive, low-risk options are in development to provide better alternatives for patients and healthcare providers.

Keywords:
Complementary/alternative therapiesEndobariatricsGeneticsMicrobiomeObesityPharmacotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Obesity research
  • Metabolic disease therapeutics
  • Bariatric interventions

Background:

  • Current obesity treatments like diet and exercise have suboptimal and short-lived efficacy.
  • Surgical interventions for obesity are effective but highly invasive.
  • There is a significant need for minimally invasive, low-risk obesity therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of obesity therapeutics.
  • To highlight the need for novel, less invasive treatment options for obesity.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies for obesity management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing and developing obesity treatments.
  • Analysis of the efficacy, risks, and invasiveness of various therapeutic modalities.
  • Synthesis of information on novel supplemental therapies for obesity.

Main Results:

  • Traditional methods (diet, exercise) demonstrate limited long-term effectiveness.
  • Surgical options provide durable results but carry significant risks and invasiveness.
  • Several new therapeutic options are under development, offering potential alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity management requires a broader range of therapeutic options.
  • Minimally invasive and low-risk treatments are crucial for improving patient adherence and outcomes.
  • Ongoing research into novel therapies promises to expand treatment choices for obesity.