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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

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Macular function in preterm children at school age.

Hanna Åkerblom1, Sten Andreasson2, Gerd Holmström3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience/Ophthalmology, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden. hannamcarlsson@hotmail.com.

Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology
|November 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Macular function is reduced in former preterm children, indicating that structural changes may explain their visual dysfunction. This study used multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and optical coherent tomography (OCT) to assess preterm children

Keywords:
MaculaMultifocal electroretinogram (mfERG)Optical coherent tomography (OCT)Preterm children

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Macular development is a critical process extending from mid-gestation through early childhood.
  • Preterm birth can disrupt normal macular development, potentially leading to structural alterations like increased central macular thickness.
  • The functional consequences of these structural changes in the macula of preterm infants remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate macular function in former preterm children using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG).
  • To compare macular function between former preterm children and healthy, full-term controls.
  • To explore the correlation between central macular thickness (measured by OCT) and macular function in preterm children.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 15 former preterm children (born before 32 weeks gestation) and 12 healthy controls were recruited.
  • Standardized visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) were performed on all participants.
  • Optical coherent tomography (OCT) was utilized to measure central macular thickness specifically in the preterm group.

Main Results:

  • Former preterm children exhibited significantly reduced P1 amplitudes in Rings 1-5 and the "Sum of groups" of the mfERG compared to controls.
  • No significant correlation was found between P1 amplitude or implicit times in Ring 1 and central macular thickness within the preterm group.

Conclusions:

  • Macular function is demonstrably reduced in children with a history of preterm birth compared to their term-born peers.
  • These functional deficits suggest that structural alterations, such as increased retinal thickness, may contribute to visual dysfunction observed in school-aged preterm children.
  • The findings highlight the potential long-term impact of preterm birth on visual development and function.