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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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[Lucy's cancer(s): A prehistorical origin?]

G Chene1, G Lamblin2, K Le Bail-Carval2

  • 1Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France; EMR 3738, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.

Gynecologie, Obstetrique & Fertilite
|November 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ancient evidence suggests cancer is not solely a modern disease. Paleopathology studies reveal both benign and malignant tumors existed in past societies, indicating a long evolutionary history for cancer.

Keywords:
AnthropologieAnthropologyAustralopithecus afarensisCancerEvolutionFibrome utérinLeiomyomaPaleopathologiePaleopathologyÉvolution

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Area of Science:

  • Paleopathology
  • Oncology
  • Evolutionary Medicine

Background:

  • The discovery of an ancient hominin osteosarcoma prompts investigation into the historical prevalence of cancer.
  • Understanding the origins and determinants of cancer requires examining its presence in past populations.

Observation:

  • A literature review of paleopathology and antiquity identified cases of benign and malignant tumors.
  • The review included studies with rigorous morphological and paraclinical analyses.

Findings:

  • Thirty-five articles documented 34 malignant tumors, 10 benign tumors, and 11 gynecological benign tumors.
  • These findings indicate that tumors, including malignant neoplasms, were present in ancient societies.

Implications:

  • Cancer is not exclusively a disease of modern industrial society.
  • Genetic predispositions to cancer may be ancient, with modern lifestyles potentially triggering their expression.
  • Further research into paleopathology can illuminate cancer's evolutionary trajectory and risk factors.