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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

1.1K
The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
1.1K
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

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In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

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The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

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The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect.
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.0K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Charge-transport model for conducting polymers.

Stephen Dongmin Kang1,2, G Jeffrey Snyder1,2

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, California 91125, USA.

Nature Materials
|November 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most conducting polymers exhibit thermally activated conductivity, unlike metals. This difference in charge transport is attributed to the percolation of carriers through ordered and disordered polymer regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Conducting polymers are technologically important, necessitating a fundamental understanding of their charge transport mechanisms.
  • Existing models for charge transport (hopping, mobility edge) are difficult to verify in highly conductive polymers.
  • Advanced organic and polymer semiconductors now exhibit high conductivity, enabling new transport mechanism investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the charge transport mechanisms in advanced conducting polymers.
  • To determine the transport parameter 's' and conductivity type in various polymers.
  • To correlate charge transport properties with polymer structure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient data.
  • Modeling polymer transport using semiconductor analogies with a transport edge and parameter 's'.

Main Results:

  • Most polymers studied show a transport parameter s = 3, indicative of thermally activated conductivity.
  • This contrasts with crystalline semiconductors and metals, which typically exhibit s = 1 and itinerant conductivity.
  • PEDOT:tosylate may be an exception, potentially showing different transport characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct charge transport in conducting polymers likely arises from carrier percolation between ordered and disordered regions.
  • This finding aligns with existing structural studies of conducting polymers.
  • Understanding this percolation is crucial for designing advanced polymer materials and processes.