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Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Motor sequence learning-induced neural efficiency in functional brain connectivity.

Helmet T Karim¹, Theodore J Huppert², Kirk I Erickson³

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research

|November 16, 2016

Summary

This study reveals that motor skill learning involves decreased brain activity and altered neural connectivity, particularly in areas like the posterior parietal association area and thalamus, during the learning process itself.

Keywords:

Functional connectivity Motor learning Motor skill gPPI

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Motor Control

Background:

Previous research identified neural differences before and after motor sequence learning.
However, neural changes *during* the motor skill acquisition process remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate functional neural circuitry changes occurring dynamically during explicit motor sequence learning.
To compare brain activity and connectivity between a motor learning condition and a control condition.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed in 13 participants.
Participants performed a finger-tapping task with visually presented sequences in both learning (repeated) and control (random) blocks.

Main Results:

Motor learning correlated with reduced brain activity compared to the control condition.
Decreased activation was observed in the posterior parietal association area and bilateral thalamus during later learning phases.
Motor learning led to decreased functional connectivity between the putamen and the left inferior frontal gyrus and left middle cingulate.

Conclusions:

Motor skill learning is characterized by dynamic changes in brain network activity, spatial extent, and functional connectivity.
These findings highlight the neural processes engaged during the acquisition of new motor skills.