Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fermi Level Dynamics

Fermi Level Dynamics

The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Layer-selective hydrogenation and proton transport in twisted bilayer graphene.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Mechanism of the electrochemical hydrogenation of graphene.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Control of proton transport and hydrogenation in double-gated graphene.

Nature·2024

Same author

8-<i>Pmmn</i> borophene: edge states in competition with Landau levels and local vacancy states.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2024

Same author

Gate-controlled suppression of light-driven proton transport through graphene electrodes.

Nature communications·2023

Same author

Correction to "Unveiling the Electronic Structure of Pseudotetragonal WO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films".

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2023

Same journal

The influence of water on the dynamics of alternating polymers P(C<sub>8</sub>EG<sub>4</sub>) and P(C<sub>4</sub>EG<sub>4</sub>) by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

How surface curvature shapes water nanodroplets in air.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

Topological boundaries in non-Hermitian p-wave Kitaev chains with Rashba spin-orbit coupling.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

Unravelling the local structure and magnetic dynamics of Cu-doped MnV₂O₄.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

Interplay of Anisotropy, Dzyaloshinskii Moriya Interaction and Symmetry breaking Fields in a 2D XY Ferromagnet.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

Same journal

Single-molecule electron transport near a charge-trapping orbital-level alignment.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

The work function of few-layer graphene.

O Leenaerts¹, B Partoens, F M Peeters

¹Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|November 16, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The work function of few-layer graphene is largely unaffected by the number of layers. Substrates and dipole layers influence graphene

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

The work function of graphene is crucial for electronic device applications.
Understanding environmental influences on graphene's electronic properties is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the work function of few-layer graphene (FLG).
To determine the impact of substrate and molecular dipole layers on FLG work function.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling and experimental measurements were employed.
The study analyzed graphene with varying numbers of layers.
Interactions with substrates and dipole layers were simulated and observed.

Main Results:

Few-layer graphene's work function shows minimal dependence on layer count (approx. 60 meV difference).
Charge-donating substrates induce an exponential decay in charge distribution, affecting work function.
Dipole layers alter work function only when positioned between substrate and graphene via charge transfer modulation.

Conclusions:

The number of layers has a limited effect on few-layer graphene work function.
Substrate and dipole layer interactions significantly modulate graphene's work function.
FLG work function is tunable through careful engineering of interfacial layers.