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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
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Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Sensory and Motor Brain Regions with Simultaneous Kinematic and EMG Monitoring During Motor Tasks
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[Brain Mechanisms for Measuring Time: Population Coding of Durations].

Masamichi J Hayashi1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|November 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Understanding how the brain processes time is key. This study explores duration channels and proposes a unified neural basis for timing across different event types.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Temporal processing is vital for perception and action.
  • Mechanisms for spatial ('what') and identity ('where') are known, but temporal ('when') processing is less understood.
  • Event durations may be encoded by neuronal populations tuned to specific durations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review psychophysical studies on duration aftereffects.
  • Discuss parameters for a duration-channel model.
  • Examine the neural basis of time perception and propose a general timing mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of psychophysical studies on duration aftereffect.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies on time perception.

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  • Theoretical modeling of duration channels.

    • Main Results:

    • Duration aftereffects involve changes in response gain, shift, and tuning curve width.
    • Evidence suggests neuronal tuning for specific event durations.
    • A unified neural basis for timing across stimulus types is proposed.

    Conclusions:

    • The brain utilizes duration channels for temporal processing.
    • A general neural basis for timing may represent time differences irrespective of stimulus type.
    • This extends the 'when pathway' concept to broader timing mechanisms.