Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

552
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
552
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

36.7K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
36.7K
False Memories01:18

False Memories

579
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
579
Dissociative Amnesia01:21

Dissociative Amnesia

823
Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
823
Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

479
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
479
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

580
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
580

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Age Is Not the Limit-Functional Outcomes and Discharge Predictors in a Neurorehabilitation Cohort of Mixed Ages.

Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation·2026
Same author

Reorganized Functional Networks Underlie Working Memory Deficits After Right-Hemispheric Stroke.

The European journal of neuroscience·2025
Same author

Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal and Ventral Attention Network and Its Role in Attentional Disengagement.

Brain and behavior·2025
Same author

Functional coupling of the lateral prefrontal cortex and the default mode network predicts performance in mental rotation.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Psychometric properties of the French version of the Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S) in a multicentre cohort of youth and adults with intellectual disabilities.

Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID·2025
Same author

Reflexive and voluntary saccades as a proxy for bradykinesia and apathy in Parkinson's disease.

Journal of neurology·2025
Same journal

Temporal acceleration drives the probability cueing effect in visual search: Evidence for early attentional deployment (N1pc) at high-probability locations.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

The cognitive construction of moral scenes: Associations of visuospatial ability and impulsivity with perspective and vividness in mental simulation.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Theta band activity during event-file retrieval is influenced by stimulus salience in the preceding action episode.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Language recovery in Hungarian speakers with aphasia: Roles of phonology and intraindividual variability.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Neural and behavioral dissociations of self-focused and other-focused incentives in trust.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

A multiverse analysis of the logical memory test and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

36.3K

What does extinction have to do with confabulation?

Armin Schnider1, Louis Nahum1, Radek Ptak1

  • 1Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Division of Neurorehabilitation, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|November 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behaviourally spontaneous confabulation, linked to orbitofrontal cortex damage, involves acting on outdated ideas. This inability to update behavior reflects a failure in signaling non-occurring outcomes, impacting decision-making.

Keywords:
Behavioural extinctionConfabulationDecision makingKorsakoff syndromeOrbitofrontal cortexSchizophrenia

More Related Videos

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

14.1K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

36.3K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

14.1K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Behaviourally spontaneous confabulation is a syndrome characterized by acting on confabulations, disorientation, and amnesia, often seen in Korsakoff syndrome.
  • This specific syndrome, distinct from confabulation in dementia, arises after acute and focal brain damage, particularly involving the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying behaviourally spontaneous confabulation after acute focal brain damage.
  • To explore the role of the posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and reward system in reality filtering and behavioral adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence from human and animal experiments examining brain function after acute focal brain damage.
  • Analysis of the role of the posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in signaling non-occurrence of anticipated outcomes.
  • Examination of behavioral extinction and reversal learning paradigms in relation to OFC function.

Main Results:

  • The posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and connected reward system structures are crucial for signaling when expected outcomes do not occur.
  • Failure of this 'orbitofrontal reality filtering' function is associated with behaviourally spontaneous confabulation and disorientation.
  • This deficit is specific to confabulation after acute focal brain damage, differentiating it from other confabulatory disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The OFC's role in reality filtering is essential for synchronizing thought and behavior with current reality.
  • Dysfunction in this mechanism leads to behaviourally spontaneous confabulation and disorientation following acute focal brain damage.
  • Further research may explore links to psychosis and decision-making processes.