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Chromoblastomycosis.

Flavio Queiroz-Telles1, Sybren de Hoog2, Daniel Wagner C L Santos3

  • 1Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil queiroz.telles@uol.com.br.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal infection caused by brown-pigmented fungi, often misdiagnosed and refractory to treatment. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management of this tropical disease.

Keywords:
black fungichromoblastomycosischromomycosismelanized fungimuriform (sclerotic) cellsneglected disease

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), or chromomycosis, is a prevalent implantation fungal infection caused by melanized fungi.
  • It primarily affects tropical and subtropical regions, often linked to specific risk factors.
  • CBM is characterized by traumatic inoculation, chronic tissue involvement, a T helper type 2 immune response, and the presence of muriform cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the key characteristics and clinical presentation of Chromoblastomycosis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and potential complications associated with CBM.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition for effective antifungal therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and pathological features of CBM.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and risk factors.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • CBM presents with polymorphic lesions, often initially misdiagnosed.
  • The disease involves chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, with fibrotic and granulomatous reactions.
  • A nonprotective Th2 immune response and the presence of muriform cells are characteristic.
  • Severe forms can lead to incapacitation and are often refractory to antifungal treatment if not diagnosed early.

Conclusions:

  • Chromoblastomycosis is a significant tropical mycosis requiring accurate early diagnosis.
  • Understanding its pathogenesis, including the immune response and characteristic fungal forms, is vital.
  • Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent severe sequelae and therapeutic resistance.