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Temporal Structure in Emerging Language: From Natural Data to Silent Gesture.

Marieke Schouwstra1

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Summary

When conventional language is unavailable, people convey temporal information separately and initially. This robust strategy aids communication about past and future events, even with limited means.

Keywords:
Language evolutionSemanticsSilent gestureTemporalityTenseWord order

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Human languages possess complex grammatical structures for expressing temporality.
  • The evolutionary origins of these temporal linguistic mechanisms remain largely unknown.
  • Investigating communication without conventional language offers insights into fundamental principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how individuals convey temporal information when standard language use is restricted.
  • To analyze communication strategies in spoken language versus silent gesture.
  • To understand the foundational principles of temporal information representation.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory experiment involving adult participants.
  • Participants conveyed temporal information about events using spoken language (Dutch).
  • Participants conveyed temporal information using silent gesture, without speech.

Main Results:

  • In spoken Dutch, participants adhered to native language grammatical rules for temporality.
  • In silent gesture, temporal information was presented upfront and distinctly from other content.
  • This separate and initial presentation of temporal data was observed consistently.

Conclusions:

  • The findings align with natural communication systems under stress, such as homesign and unsupervised second language acquisition.
  • Presenting temporal information separately and initially is a resilient strategy when communicative resources are limited.
  • This method reflects a direct mapping of semantic representation for temporal and propositional content.