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Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on neural processing in post-stroke aphasia.

Robert Darkow1, Andrew Martin2, Anna Würtz1

  • 1Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, and Center of Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, 10117, Germany.

Human Brain Mapping
|November 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Non-invasive brain stimulation using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve language recovery in stroke patients with aphasia. This study shows tDCS normalizes brain activity and enhances communication within the language network.

Keywords:
aphasiabrain stimulationfunctional magnetic resonance imaginglanguagestroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Stroke often results in language impairments, such as aphasia, significantly impacting patient recovery.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms by which interventions like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) affect brain function in post-stroke patients is crucial for optimizing treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how tDCS modulates brain function in patients experiencing post-stroke language impairment (aphasia).
  • To assess the interaction between tDCS and the residual language network in stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-over, randomized trial involving patients with aphasia performing a picture-naming task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Excitatory (anodal) or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied to the left primary motor cortex.
  • Analysis included univariate fMRI and independent component functional network analysis.

Main Results:

  • Anodal-tDCS led to reduced activity in domain-general cognitive control regions.
  • Language network activity selectively increased, with a shift towards lower frequency bands, indicating enhanced within-network communication.
  • Compared to healthy controls, anodal-tDCS promoted a "normalization" of brain function in patients.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first demonstration of how tDCS modulates neural processing in stroke patients with aphasia.
  • The findings highlight the importance of aligning behavioral therapies with tDCS-modulated brain regions to maximize recovery outcomes.