Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: State of the Art and Future Directions

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a transformational and rapidly evolving treatment for patients with aortic stenosis who require valve replacement. Novel technological advancements have made this percutaneous minimally invasive therapy a first-line treatment for many patients at extreme risk for conventional cardiac surgery. New devices and improvements in existing devices have reduced procedural complications, and scientific trials are investigating the role of TAVR in lower-risk aortic stenosis populations, in patients with aortic regurgitation, and in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. Finally, there is intense interest in identifying patients in whom the risk-benefit ratio of TAVR is not favorable and should not be performed.