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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for social development, marked by increasingly intimate and complex friendships.
  • Understanding how the adolescent brain processes social information, particularly concerning friends, is crucial for comprehending social development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural processing of friend outcomes across adolescence using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To examine developmental changes in the social brain network's response to friend-related versus self-related outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal fMRI study involving participants aged 8-27 years, with two measurement time points separated by 2 years.
  • Participants completed a task involving potential monetary gains and losses for themselves and their best friend.
  • Mixed linear models were used to analyze changes in brain activity over time.

Main Results:

  • A significant linear decrease in activity within social brain regions was observed for friend-related outcomes compared to self-related outcomes across development.
  • This pattern indicates a developmental shift in how the brain prioritizes and processes outcomes for friends versus oneself.
  • Individual differences in neural activity changes were found to correlate with these developmental trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms significant developmental changes in the adolescent social brain network.
  • Neural responses to friend outcomes relative to self outcomes mature across adolescence, showing a decrease in social brain region activation.
  • Individual variability in these neural changes highlights the diverse developmental paths within the adolescent social brain.