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ADHD Characteristics Are Linked to Divergent Risk-Taking Behaviors.

Anselm B M Fuermaier1, Hui Dong1, Yehuda Pollak2

  • 1University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

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|March 31, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show increased negative risk-taking, but also engage in positive and prosocial risk-taking. ADHD characteristics influence these behaviors, with effects varying by risk type and age.

Keywords:
adult ADHD characteristicsnegative risk-takingpositive risk-takingprosocial risk-takingrisk-taking

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Behavioral psychology
  • Risk assessment

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to heightened negative risk-taking across the lifespan.
  • Positive risk-taking, including prosocial risk-taking, has been under-researched in ADHD populations.
  • Recent studies suggest adolescents with ADHD may exhibit increased prosocial risk-taking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate self-reported likelihoods of negative, positive, and prosocial risk-taking in individuals with ADHD.
  • To examine the associations between ADHD characteristics and different forms of risk-taking.
  • To compare the influence of ADHD traits versus internalizing symptoms on risk-taking behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • A correlational study analyzed survey data from 611 Dutch general population participants.
  • Participants self-reported risk-taking likelihoods (negative, positive, prosocial) and completed ADHD and internalizing symptom questionnaires.
  • Statistical analyses included correlation, regression, and categorical analyses.

Main Results:

  • ADHD characteristics strongly correlated with negative risk-taking.
  • Associations between ADHD traits and positive/prosocial risk-taking were weaker and less consistent.
  • ADHD traits explained significant variance in risk-taking; internalizing symptoms had a lesser contribution. Risk-taking decreased with age.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD characteristics are associated with negative, positive, and prosocial risk-taking, though effects are more complex for positive forms.
  • Further research with clinical samples and refined instruments is needed for positive and prosocial risk-taking.
  • Findings suggest a more nuanced understanding of ADHD, impacting self-concept and clinical care.