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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo
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From profiles to function in epigenomics.

Stefan H Stricker1,2, Anna Köferle3, Stephan Beck3

  • 1Institute of Stem Cell Research, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|November 22, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenomic profiling identifies correlations, but epigenome editing tools like CRISPR are needed to establish causative roles of chromatin marks in gene regulation and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Extensive epigenomic profiling exists across diverse biological contexts.
  • Current methods primarily infer function via correlation, limiting causal understanding of chromatin marks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review classical and current epigenomic profiling techniques.
  • To introduce and evaluate epigenome editing as a method for establishing functional roles of epigenomic marks.
  • To discuss the potential of CRISPR-based technologies for epigenome editing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of classical and contemporary epigenomic profiling strategies.
  • Discussion of epigenome editing technologies, focusing on CRISPR-based systems.
  • Exploration of single-locus and multi-locus epigenetic manipulation.

Main Results:

  • Classical and current epigenomic profiling methods offer correlative insights but not definitive functional proof.
  • Epigenome editing, particularly CRISPR-based approaches, provides a direct route to ascertain causative roles of specific epigenomic marks.
  • Different epigenome editing strategies offer varying levels of functional interrogation.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing causative roles of epigenomic features requires moving beyond correlative profiling.
  • Epigenome editing technologies are crucial for understanding gene regulation and disease mechanisms.
  • Emerging high-throughput strategies promise to accelerate the transition from epigenomic profiles to functional insights.