A Stable Secondary Gliosarcoma with Extensive Systemic Metastases: A Case Report.

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Pathology
• Radiology

Background:

• Secondary glioblastomas can arise from lower-grade gliomas.
• Gliosarcomas are rare and aggressive brain tumors.
• Systemic metastasis from gliosarcoma is uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report an unusual case of secondary gliosarcoma.
• To describe the clinical course and metastatic pattern.
• To emphasize the possibility of extensive systemic spread despite stable intracranial disease.

Main Methods:

• Case report with detailed clinical history.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for brain lesion assessment.
• Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for systemic metastasis detection.

Main Results:

• A 63-year-old male developed secondary glioblastoma, progressing to gliosarcoma.
• Intracranial lesions remained stable after multimodal treatment.
• Extensive systemic metastases were diagnosed in lungs, pleura, liver, lymph nodes, and bones.
• The patient died due to systemic disease progression.

Conclusions:

• Secondary gliosarcoma can present with paradoxical stability of primary brain tumors alongside aggressive systemic metastasis.
• This case underscores the importance of considering systemic spread in gliosarcoma management.
• Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of gliosarcoma metastasis.