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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Overview of Synapses01:25

Overview of Synapses

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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Continuous Video Electroencephalogram during Hypoxia-Ischemia in Neonatal Mice
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Syncope, seizure or both?

Paraskevi Koutrolou-Sotiropoulou1, Abhijeet Singh1, Mason Leeman-Markowski2

  • 1a Department of Medicine , Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , NY , USA.

Acute Cardiac Care
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ictal asystole, a rare seizure complication, can cause cardiac pauses and loss of consciousness. This case highlights the importance of cardiac monitoring during epilepsy treatment.

Keywords:
Ictal asystoleseizuressudden unexpected death in epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Ictal asystole (IA) is a rare event in epilepsy, occurring in 0.27-0.4% of patients.
  • IA is a potential mechanism for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

Observation:

  • A 53-year-old woman with expressive aphasia experienced syncope during antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy.
  • During AED tapering and EEG monitoring, she had a seizure followed by an 18-second sinus pause and loss of consciousness.

Findings:

  • The seizure induced significant sinus bradycardia and asystole, leading to cerebral activity slowing.
  • Cerebral activity normalized within 10 seconds of the return of cardiac function.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical link between seizures and cardiac events like IA.
  • Pacemaker implantation was necessary to manage recurrent asystole in this epilepsy patient.
  • Further research into IA mechanisms is crucial for SUDEP prevention strategies.