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Sex-dependent differences in voluntary physical activity.

Cheryl S Rosenfeld1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|November 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding sex differences in physical activity (PA) is crucial for combating rising obesity and related chronic diseases in children and adults. This review explores PA motivators and modulators across sexes in rodents and humans.

Keywords:
braindevelopmental origins of adult health and diseasedietdopamine signalingendocrine disruptorsestrogenhippocampushypothalamusmaternal effectsmotivationnucleus accumbensphysical activityprefrontal cortexsexual dimorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Rising rates of overweight and obesity globally contribute to escalating healthcare costs.
  • Physical inactivity is a leading cause of chronic, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), with concerning trends in children.
  • Understanding the drivers of physical activity (PA) is essential for addressing these public health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on sex differences in physical activity in rodents and humans.
  • To examine factors influencing PA motivators in males versus females.
  • To identify brain regions, genes, and pathways modulating PA for potential translation to human health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing rodent studies on spontaneous activity and adiposity.
  • Analysis of human studies investigating sex-specific exercise motivators.
  • Exploration of neurobiological mechanisms underlying PA regulation.

Main Results:

  • Sex differences in PA are observed in both rodents and humans, influenced by the perinatal environment.
  • Early-life exposure to environmental chemicals can induce sex-dependent alterations in adult PA.
  • Distinct motivators for exercise may exist between males and females.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding sex-specific PA patterns and their underlying mechanisms is vital for developing targeted interventions.
  • This knowledge can inform novel strategies for preventing and treating obesity across the lifespan.
  • Further research into sex differences in PA can improve public health outcomes.