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Non-occupational physical activity levels of shift workers compared with non-shift workers.

Bette Loef1,2, Gerben Hulsegge1,2, G C Wanda Wendel-Vos1

  • 1Center for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|November 23, 2016
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Summary

Shift workers engage in more walking than non-shift workers, but other physical activities and sports show no differences. Further research is needed to confirm these findings on physical activity and shift work health impacts.

Keywords:
Physical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Lack of physical activity (PA) is a potential factor in adverse health effects associated with shift work.
  • Understanding non-occupational PA levels in shift workers is crucial for mitigating health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare non-occupational physical activity (PA) levels between shift workers and non-shift workers.
  • To investigate exposure-response relationships between night shift frequency, years of shift work, and non-occupational PA.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 5980 non-shift workers and 532 shift workers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) cohort.
  • Self-reported PA data including time spent on walking, cycling, exercise, chores, and sports participation.
  • Statistical comparison using Generalized Estimating Equations and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Shift workers reported significantly more time spent walking compared to non-shift workers (B=2.3).
  • Increased time spent walking was associated with higher frequency of monthly night shifts (1-4 nights/month: B=2.4; ≥5 nights/month: B=3.7).
  • No significant differences were found in other PA types (cycling, exercise, chores) or sports activities, nor between years of shift work and PA levels.

Conclusions:

  • Shift workers demonstrate higher levels of walking, but not other forms of non-occupational physical activity.
  • The role of physical activity in the negative health consequences of shift work requires further investigation and confirmation in future studies.