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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
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Binocular function changes produced in response to overnight orthokeratology.

Gema Felipe-Marquez1, María Nombela-Palomo2, Catalina Palomo-Álvarez3

  • 1Department of Optics II (Optometry & Vision) Faculty of Optics & Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Arcos de Jalon 118, 28037, Madrid, Spain. gemafelipe@gmail.com.

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|November 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Overnight orthokeratology (OK) shows minimal binocular function changes in young adults, with a slight near exophoric trend observed in the short term. Long-term OK wear results in negligible binocular vision alterations.

Keywords:
Binocular functionContact lensesFusional vergencesMyopiaOrthokeratologyPhoria

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Orthokeratology (OK) is a non-surgical refractive correction method.
  • OK involves wearing special contact lenses overnight to reshape the cornea.
  • Understanding the impact of OK on binocular function is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze changes in binocular function after short-term (3 months) and long-term (3 years) overnight orthokeratology (OK) wear.
  • To evaluate the effects of different OK lens types (Corneal Refractive Therapy and Seefree) on visual performance.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, longitudinal study involving young adults with low to moderate myopia.
  • Assessed binocular function using horizontal phoria, vergence ranges, AC/A ratio, and near point of convergence.
  • Compared control group with two OK treatment groups (CRT and Seefree) at 3 months and a long-term CRT group at 3 years.

Main Results:

  • Short-term OK treatment showed significant changes in distance divergence break and recovery points for CRT and Seefree groups.
  • The Seefree group exhibited a near exophoric trend and reduced base-out break point.
  • Long-term OK wear demonstrated a significant change only in the distance base-out break point.

Conclusions:

  • Orthokeratology (OK) induces minimal alterations in binocular function for both short-term and long-term wear.
  • A slight near exophoric trend was noted with short-term OK treatment.
  • OK appears to be a safe option regarding binocular vision stability.