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Related Concept Videos

Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Electromagnetic Fields01:30

Electromagnetic Fields

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Electric fields generated by static charges, often referred to as electrostatic fields, are characteristically different from electric fields created by time-varying magnetic fields. While the former is a conservative field, implying that no net work is done on a test charge if it goes around in a complete loop in the field, the latter is, by definition, not a conservative field; net work is done, and it is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
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Electric Field01:16

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Consider two point charges, each exerting Coulomb force on the other. It is possible to describe the Coulomb interaction via an intermediate step by defining a new physical quantity called the electric field.
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Oriented electric fields as future smart reagents in chemistry.

Sason Shaik1, Debasish Mandal1, Rajeev Ramanan1

  • 1Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.

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|November 23, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) can now catalyze and control non-redox chemical reactions. Applying OEEFs precisely directs reaction pathways and selectivity, transforming chemical synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) are emerging as powerful tools in chemistry.
  • Their potential to act as 'smart reagents' for controlling chemical reactions is a significant area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the broad potential of OEEFs in catalyzing and controlling non-redox reactions.
  • To highlight the ability of OEEFs to impart selectivity in chemical transformations.
  • To explore the application of OEEFs in various reaction types and enzymatic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations were used to investigate the effects of OEEFs on different reactions.
  • Experimental data were incorporated to support theoretical findings.
  • The study focused on reactions including hydrogen abstraction, epoxidation, C-C bond formation, and proton transfer.

Main Results:

  • OEEFs aligned with the electron reorganization axis significantly catalyze nonpolar reactions.
  • OEEFs enable control over regioselectivity and spin-state selectivity.
  • Reversing or misaligning OEEF direction precisely controls stereoselectivity, such as endo/exo ratios in Diels-Alder reactions.

Conclusions:

  • OEEFs offer unprecedented control over chemical synthesis, acting as 'smart reagents'.
  • Future chemical syntheses may involve directing reactions by applying OEEFs to oriented molecules.
  • This approach holds promise for advancing catalytic methods and understanding enzymatic mechanisms.