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The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in Obesity and Hypertension: Roles in the Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome

Peminda K Cabandugama1, Michael J Gardner1, James R Sowers2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri, D109 Diabetes Center UHC, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Obesity and insulin resistance drive cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS) and hypertension. This review explores how these factors, along with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, contribute to endothelial dysfunction and high blood pressure.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Over 50 million Americans have elevated blood pressure (≥120/80 mm Hg).
  • Obesity is a primary driver of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS).
  • Hypertension and CRS are frequently associated with insulin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the links between hypertension and CRS.
  • To focus on the roles of insulin resistance, obesity, and oxidative stress in hypertension pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Focus on pathophysiologic mechanisms linking hypertension and CRS.

Main Results:

  • Obesity and insulin resistance are key contributors to CRS and hypertension.
  • Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity promotes oxidative stress.
  • Oxidative stress and RAAS contribute to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin resistance and obesity are central to hypertension and CRS.
  • RAAS-mediated oxidative stress exacerbates endothelial dysfunction.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for managing hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:
AdipocyteAngiotensin IIHypertensionInsulin resistanceObesity

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