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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Standardized Colon Ascendens Stent Peritonitis in Rats - a Simple, Feasible Animal Model to Induce Septic Acute Kidney Injury
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CKD and Risk for Hospitalization With Infection: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Junichi Ishigami1, Morgan E Grams2, Alexander R Chang3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|November 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases infection risk, even in earlier stages. Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) are linked to higher rates of infection hospitalization and death.

Keywords:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)albuminuriabacteremiacellulitischronic kidney failurechronic renal insufficiencyglomerular filtration rate (GFR)hospitalizationinfectioninfectious diseasekidney functionpneumoniaproteinuriarespiratory tract infectionsurinary tract infections

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Individuals undergoing dialysis face a high risk of infection.
  • However, infection risks in earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the risk of infection hospitalization and related mortality.
  • To examine the role of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) as predictors of infection risk.

Main Methods:

  • An observational cohort study involving 9,697 participants aged 53-75 from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
  • Participants were followed from 1996-1998 through 2011, with data on eGFR and ACR analyzed.
  • Outcomes included hospitalization with infection and infection-related death.

Main Results:

  • Higher risks for infection hospitalization and death were observed with declining eGFR and increasing ACR.
  • For example, compared to eGFR ≥90, HRs for hospitalization were 2.55 (eGFR 15-29) and 1.48 (eGFR 30-59).
  • Compared to ACR <10, HRs for hospitalization were 2.30 (ACR ≥300) and 1.56 (ACR 30-299).

Conclusions:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for infection hospitalization and mortality.
  • Increased provider awareness of CKD as an infection risk is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality.
  • Findings were consistent across various infection types and recurrent episodes.