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Related Concept Videos

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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Drug Regulation01:25

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Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
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Current Rural Drug Use in the US Midwest.

Kirk Dombrowski1, Devan Crawford1, Bilal Khan1

  • 1Department of Sociology, Oldfather 708, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, USA.

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|November 26, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Illicit drug use is a growing problem in rural America, especially the Central Plains, with rising overdose rates and HIV outbreaks. Despite scientific advances, effective treatments and policy remedies remain underimplemented.

Keywords:
AddictionHIVMethamphetamineOpioidsRural drug use

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Illicit drug use patterns are rapidly evolving nationwide due to social, economic, and local factors.
  • Existing research on drug use predominantly focuses on urban areas, neglecting the unique challenges faced in rural regions.
  • Rural areas, particularly the Central Plains, are experiencing a worsening health crisis marked by record overdose rates and emergent HIV outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the escalating scope and impact of illicit drug use in rural America, specifically the Central Plains.
  • To underscore the disparity in available data between urban and rural drug use.
  • To advocate for increased attention and resources directed towards understanding and addressing rural drug use.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of available data sources to estimate the scope of drug use and its harms in the Central Plains.
  • Review of scientific literature on the etiology of drug use and its associated harms.
  • Examination of current public health and policy responses to drug abuse in rural settings.

Main Results:

  • The problem of illicit drug use and its associated harms is significantly growing in the Central Plains.
  • Despite scientific progress in understanding drug use, translation to improved health outcomes in rural areas is limited.
  • A critical lack of accessible treatment facilities exacerbates the health situation in affected rural communities.

Conclusions:

  • There is an urgent need to address the escalating crisis of illicit drug use in rural America.
  • Available scientific knowledge and potential policy remedies for drug abuse are not being adequately implemented in rural areas.
  • Short-term policy interventions are proposed to mitigate the rising tide of drug abuse and its consequences in the Central Plains.