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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

521
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Aortic Tissues in Atherosclerosis
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Current Understanding of Atherogenesis.

Richard A Brown1, Eduard Shantsila2, Chetan Varma3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, United Kingdom.

The American Journal of Medicine
|November 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Atherosclerosis research reveals inflammation

Keywords:
AtherogenesisCoronary artery diseaseGenetic factorsInflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Inflammation Biology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis understanding has evolved significantly over 160 years.
  • The endothelial response to injury is now recognized as a key inflammatory process in all stages of atherosclerosis.
  • Early stages of atherosclerosis are reversible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolving scientific understanding of atherogenesis.
  • To emphasize the role of endothelial inflammation in atherosclerosis.
  • To discuss the impact of genetic discoveries on coronary artery disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical observations and current scientific literature.
  • Integration of findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Main Results:

  • Endothelial activation is central to atherogenesis, leading to reversible or irreversible injury.
  • Genome-wide association testing has identified genetic variants associated with coronary artery disease heritability.
  • Mechanisms underlying newly identified genetic variants remain largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The inflammatory nature of endothelial response is critical in atherosclerosis.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role in coronary artery disease, but their functional mechanisms require further investigation.
  • Continued research is needed to elucidate the role of novel genetic variants in atherogenesis.