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Related Experiment Video

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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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A Delphi study to develop practical diagnostic guidelines for visual stress (pattern-related visual stress).

Bruce J W Evans1, Peter M Allen2, Arnold J Wilkins3

  • 1Institute of Optometry, London, UK; Division of Optometry & Visual Science, City, University London, UK.

Journal of Optometry
|November 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual stress (VS) diagnosis is refined by identifying key indicators like word movement and reading test improvements. A new diagnostic tool combines these strong criteria for clinical practice and research.

Keywords:
Delphi studyEstrés visualEstrés visual relacionado con patronesEstudio DelphiLecturaPattern-related visual stressReadingVisual stress

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Visual Science

Background:

  • Visual stress (VS) presents as visual perceptual distortions and eyestrain during reading.
  • Individually prescribed colored filters can alleviate VS symptoms.
  • Existing reviews support VS and its treatment, but diagnostic inconsistencies persist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing diagnostic criteria for visual stress in scientific literature.
  • To report on a Delphi analysis of criteria used in current clinical practice for VS diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A Delphi study involved 26 eyecare practitioners (optometrists, orthoptists, opticians) frequently prescribing tinted lenses.
  • Practitioners ranked suggested diagnostic indicators and added their own criteria in two rounds.
  • Response rates were high, with 85% in the first round and 91% of those in the second.

Main Results:

  • Key indicators identified include words moving during reading and prolonged voluntary overlay use.
  • A significant performance improvement (≥15%) on the Wilkins Rate of Reading test with an overlay was a strong indicator.
  • An abnormally high score on the Pattern Glare Test also emerged as a strong diagnostic criterion.

Conclusions:

  • The strongest diagnostic criteria for visual stress have been identified and combined.
  • A new diagnostic tool is proposed to guide clinical practice and future research in visual stress.