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Zoon balanitis: A comprehensive review.

Surabhi Dayal1, Priyadarshini Sahu1

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Summary

Zoon balanitis (ZB) is a benign penile dermatosis affecting uncircumcised men. This review details ZB diagnosis, differential diagnosis from similar penile lesions, and emphasizes circumcision as the primary treatment.

Keywords:
CircumcisionZoon balanitislasersnonvenereal diseasetopical calcineurin inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Urology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Nonvenereal diseases pose diagnostic and management challenges due to limited research on criteria and guidelines.
  • Zoon balanitis (ZB) is a benign, nonvenereal dermatosis presenting as an erythematous plaque on the glans penis, primarily in uncircumcised, older men.
  • The etiopathogenesis of Zoon balanitis remains hypothetical despite its description in 1952.

Approach:

  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of Zoon balanitis epidemiology, clinical presentation, and histopathological features.
  • Diagnostic criteria and methods for Zoon balanitis are discussed.
  • Differential diagnosis from clinically similar penile lesions, including erythroplasia of Queyrat and other inflammatory dermatoses, is elaborated.

Key Points:

  • Accurate differentiation of Zoon balanitis from other penile lesions is crucial for appropriate management.
  • Histopathological examination aids in diagnosing Zoon balanitis.
  • Treatment modalities for Zoon balanitis are reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • Circumcision is highlighted as the treatment of choice for Zoon balanitis.
  • Further research into the etiopathogenesis of Zoon balanitis may lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.