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Facing the Spectator.

Jan Koenderink1, Andrea van Doorn2, Baingio Pinna3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People perceive faces as always looking at them due to visual awareness using multiple spatial frameworks. This "cue-scission" explains how different visual cues are processed simultaneously.

Keywords:
cue scissionpictorial spacepicture perceptionuncanny valley

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Vision
  • Perceptual Psychology

Background:

  • The uncanny phenomenon of faces appearing to follow the viewer is a common perceptual experience.
  • Previous research often used simplified stimuli, potentially not capturing the complexity of real-world visual perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the uncanny face perception phenomenon.
  • To explore how the brain processes visual spatial frameworks and cue integration.
  • To understand the psychogenesis of visual awareness and its relationship with spatial cue processing.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a conventional flat portrait stimulus rotating on a vertical axis.
  • Introduced two novel stimuli: a rotating frame with a static portrait and a volumetric object instead of a flat portrait.
  • Utilized 'gauge object' settings in static displays for participants to report momentary awareness.

Main Results:

  • Novel stimuli produced identical optical stimulation in frontal views but differed significantly in oblique views.
  • Participant awareness reports indicated distinct processing of visual information depending on the spatial framework.
  • Evidence suggests the simultaneous use of multiple spatial frameworks in visual perception.

Conclusions:

  • Visual awareness is generated through the simultaneous maintenance of at least two distinct spatial frameworks.
  • The phenomenon of 'cue-scission' occurs, where visual cues are processed differently across these frameworks.
  • This multi-framework processing explains the uncanny face perception and provides insights into visual awareness.