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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
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Genetic predisposition to melanoma.

Jason E Hawkes1, Amanda Truong1, Laurence J Meyer2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

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|December 1, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Familial melanoma, a rare skin cancer, has increasing incidence. This review overviews major risk factors and genes linked to hereditary melanoma susceptibility, crucial for understanding its complex etiology.

Keywords:
FamilialPigmentationTelomereTumor suppressor

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Malignant melanoma is a rare, aggressive skin cancer with rising incidence.
  • Heritable factors like UV response, nevus count, and pigmentation influence melanoma risk.
  • 5%-10% of cases are familial, often without mutations in known susceptibility genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major risk factors for familial melanoma.
  • To identify known genes implicated in hereditary melanoma susceptibility.
  • To enhance understanding of melanoma's complex multigenic etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of candidate gene studies.
  • Systematic genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Analysis of heritable factors and genetic mutations.

Main Results:

  • Identified key risk factors including UV response and pigmentation.
  • Highlighted the genetic complexity in familial melanoma cases.
  • Confirmed the need for further research into unknown susceptibility genes.

Conclusions:

  • Familial melanoma susceptibility is influenced by multiple genes.
  • Understanding genetic risk factors is crucial for early detection and prevention.
  • Further research is needed to identify novel genes in melanoma pathogenesis.