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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Published on: November 21, 2023

Development of Activity in the Mouse Visual Cortex.

Jing Shen¹, Matthew T Colonnese²

¹Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington, DC 20037.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|December 2, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how mouse cortical activity matures from network silence to adult patterns, identifying key developmental checkpoints before eye opening. These findings establish the mouse visual cortex as a model for human electroencephalographic development.

Keywords:

EEG mouse spindle-burst spontaneous activity

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Published on: February 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Cortical activity is crucial for brain development and health, yet its maturation process in the developing cortex is not fully understood.
Gaps exist in knowledge regarding the origin and progression of cortical activity, particularly in preclinical models relevant to human development.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically track spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) of developing mice.
To establish a comprehensive developmental timeline of cortical activity maturation in vivo.
To identify critical checkpoints and key principles governing cortical circuit development.

Main Methods:

Extracellular recordings were performed in the primary visual cortex (V1) of nonanesthetized mice across postnatal development.
Daily changes in spontaneous and sensory-evoked electrical activity were monitored.
Activity patterns, including network silence, slow-activity transients, spindle-burst oscillations, and mature asynchronous/synchronous states, were analyzed.

Main Results:

Early V1 activity (P4-P7) consisted of network silence punctuated by slow-activity transients (spindle-burst oscillations).
Maturation involved spindle-burst frequency acceleration and the "filling-in" of silent periods with low-frequency activity by P13.
Emergent visual responses (P8) with high signal-to-noise ratios were transient, disappearing by eye opening.

Conclusions:

The study delineates the developmental trajectory of cortical electrical activity, from early silence to adult patterns.
The period before eye opening is identified as a critical checkpoint for cortical development.
The murine visual cortex serves as a valuable model for studying human fetal electroencephalographic development.