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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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BIOMECHANICS AND PATHOMECHANICS OF THE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT.

Janice K Loudon1

  • 1Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO, USA.

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
|December 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the complex patellofemoral joint is crucial for athletes. Effective treatment requires sports medicine specialists to grasp its anatomy and biomechanics.

Keywords:
Anatomybiomechanicspatella

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Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The patellofemoral joint is a common source of pain and injury in athletes across various sports and age groups.
  • Its complex structure involves multiple contact points and numerous surrounding tissues, making it susceptible to injury.
  • Understanding the variability of joint forces, influenced by knee flexion and ground contact, is essential for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of a thorough understanding of patellofemoral joint anatomy and biomechanics.
  • To highlight the complexity of the patellofemoral joint and its implications for athletic injuries.
  • To underscore the necessity of specialized knowledge for effective treatment of patellofemoral conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical structures and their attachments to the patella.
  • Analysis of biomechanical factors influencing patellofemoral joint forces.
  • Discussion of clinical implications for sports medicine specialists.

Main Results:

  • The patellofemoral joint's complexity arises from its multiple contact points and associated tissues.
  • Joint forces are dynamic and significantly affected by knee flexion angle and foot-ground interaction.
  • A comprehensive understanding of anatomy and biomechanics is directly linked to effective treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Sports medicine specialists require in-depth knowledge of patellofemoral joint anatomy and biomechanics.
  • Effective management of patellofemoral pain and injuries in athletes depends on this specialized understanding.
  • Further research into the biomechanical nuances of the patellofemoral joint can enhance treatment strategies.