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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

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Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
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In Vivo Osteo-organoid Approach for Harvesting Therapeutic Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
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New agents in HSC mobilization.

Mélanie J Domingues1,2, Susan K Nilsson1,2, Benjamin Cao3,4

  • 1CSIRO Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia.

International Journal of Hematology
|December 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

New agents are being developed to improve hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization for transplantation. These novel therapies aim to enhance HSC yield and speed, overcoming limitations of current methods like G-CSF.

Keywords:
AMD3100CXCR4G-CSFIntegrinMobilization

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Peripheral blood stem cells are the primary source for autologous transplantation.
  • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the standard mobilization agent, but mobilization failure occurs in a significant patient subset.
  • Understanding the bone marrow microenvironment has led to targeted HSC mobilization strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization agents.
  • To discuss the potential impact of novel agents on HSC transplantation outcomes.
  • To highlight the need for improved and rapid HSC mobilization strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in HSC mobilization.
  • Analysis of novel agents targeting HSC homeostasis and interactions.
  • Discussion of agents including small molecules, recombinant proteins, and peptides.

Main Results:

  • AMD3100 (plerixafor), a CXCR4 inhibitor, is approved in combination with G-CSF for specific patient populations.
  • Emerging agents show promise in enhancing HSC number and potentially speeding up the mobilization process.
  • New therapeutic approaches are being investigated to optimize the 'mobilized product' for transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Novel HSC mobilization agents offer potential improvements over current standards.
  • Further research is crucial to identify strategies that enhance HSC yield, speed, and transplant efficacy.
  • Optimizing HSC mobilization remains a key clinical objective for improving transplant outcomes.