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Optimal phase element for generating a perfect optical vortex.

Victor V Kotlyar, Alexey A Kovalev, Alexey P Porfirev

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
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    Researchers explored methods for generating perfect optical vortices using Bessel functions and spiral axicons. An optimal phase element proved most effective for creating high-intensity doughnut beams, validated by simulations and experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Perfect optical vortices (POVs) are crucial for applications requiring precise light manipulation.
    • Generating POVs with specific intensity profiles and beam characteristics remains an active research area.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive analytical relationships for the complex amplitude of POVs generated by different optical elements.
    • To compare the effectiveness of Bessel function-based elements and spiral axicons for POV generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical derivation of complex amplitude for POVs.
    • Utilizing an amplitude-phase element with Bessel function transmission.
    • Employing an optimal phase element with a Bessel function sign transmission.
    • Investigating a spiral axicon for POV generation.
    • Comparing experimental, simulated, and theoretical results.

    Main Results:

    • The optimal phase element yielded the highest doughnut intensity.
    • The spiral axicon produced a diffraction ring twice as wide as the other methods.
    • Analytical predictions were corroborated by simulation and experimental data.

    Conclusions:

    • The optimal phase element is the most suitable for generating perfect optical vortices.
    • Understanding these generation methods advances optical vortex applications.