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Neurodevelopmental disorders.

Hana D'Souza1,2,3, Annette Karmiloff-Smith2,3

  • 1Sensorimotor Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuropsychological approaches inadequately explain neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Neuroconstructivism, focusing on development, offers a more comprehensive understanding of NDDs by considering cascading effects and integrating multi-level research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Recent technological advances enable novel infant brain function measurements.
  • Theoretical frameworks significantly influence research interpretation and impact policies, education, and interventions for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
  • Existing theoretical approaches to NDDs require critical evaluation for their efficacy in guiding research and practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and compare two theoretical approaches for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs): the neuropsychological account and neuroconstructivism.
  • To demonstrate the limitations of the adult-centric neuropsychological account in explaining NDDs.
  • To highlight the benefits of neuroconstructivism in advancing NDD research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of the neuropsychological and neuroconstructivist theoretical frameworks.
  • Illustration of theoretical limitations using case examples: Williams syndrome and specific language impairment.
  • Discussion of neuroconstructivism's focus on developmental processes and cascading effects.

Main Results:

  • The adult-based neuropsychological account is insufficient for explaining neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
  • Neuroconstructivism provides a more dynamic model, positing that early deficits have widespread developmental consequences.
  • Static, modular views of NDDs are contrasted with neuroconstructivism's emphasis on interconnected developmental trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroconstructivism offers a more robust theoretical foundation for investigating neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
  • This approach encourages research that embraces complexity and integrates findings across multiple levels (genetic, neural, cognitive, environmental) over developmental time.
  • Adopting neuroconstructivism can lead to more effective interventions and policies for individuals with NDDs and their families.