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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
323
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

340
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

259
Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
259
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

411
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

605
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

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Published on: February 2, 2017

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Obesity in pediatric trauma.

Cordelie E Witt1, Saman Arbabi1, Avery B Nathens2

  • 1Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|December 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Childhood obesity increases the risk of death and serious complications in pediatric trauma patients. Obese children require different management strategies to prevent adverse outcomes.

Keywords:
Body mass indexComplicationsObesityOutcomesPediatricTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric trauma research
  • Obesity and health outcomes
  • Injury epidemiology

Background:

  • The impact of childhood obesity on pediatric trauma outcomes remains unclear.
  • Recent addition of anthropomorphic data to the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) enables large-scale evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of obesity on pediatric trauma patients using the NTDB.
  • To analyze injury patterns, complications, and hospital utilization in relation to body mass index (BMI).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 149,817 pediatric trauma patients (ages 2-19) from 2013-2014 NTDB datasets.
  • Calculation of age and gender-specific BMI percentiles.
  • Multivariable analysis of outcomes including injury patterns, operative procedures, complications, and hospital utilization.

Main Results:

  • Higher BMI percentiles correlated with more extremity injuries and fewer head, abdominal, thoracic, and spinal injuries.
  • Increased BMI percentiles were linked to higher likelihood of death, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia.
  • Obese children experienced longer hospital stays and greater ventilator requirement, with no difference in overall complication risk.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated BMI percentile in pediatric trauma patients is associated with increased mortality risk and potentially preventable complications.
  • Obese pediatric trauma patients may necessitate distinct management approaches to mitigate risks.