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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
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Fluid Therapy in Lung Disease.

Elizabeth Rozanski1, Alex Lynch2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 55 Willard Street, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|December 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Fluid therapy in pets with lung disease requires careful consideration to avoid impairing gas exchange. Conservative fluid plans and close monitoring are recommended to manage potential risks in veterinary patients.

Keywords:
CrystalloidsExtravascular lung waterPneumoniaPulmonary contusionPulmonary edema

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Critical Care
  • Pulmonary Disease

Background:

  • Fluid therapy is essential supportive care in veterinary medicine.
  • Pulmonary disease in dogs and cats raises concerns about fluid therapy's impact on gas exchange.
  • Increased hydrostatic pressures or extravasation can potentially worsen lung injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risks and benefits of fluid therapy in veterinary patients with pulmonary disease.
  • To compare the effects of colloidal versus isotonic crystalloid therapy on lung injury.
  • To highlight methods for early detection of fluid overload.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fluid therapy in veterinary pulmonary disease.
  • Comparison of colloidal and isotonic crystalloid fluid types.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods for fluid overload, including radiography and point-of-care ultrasound.

Main Results:

  • Colloidal therapy may exacerbate lung injury more than isotonic crystalloids.
  • Radiographic evidence of fluid overload is a late indicator.
  • Point-of-care ultrasound offers earlier detection of fluid overload at the patient's side.

Conclusions:

  • Individual case evaluation is crucial for fluid therapy decisions in pets with lung conditions.
  • A conservative approach to fluid administration is generally preferred.
  • Close monitoring for tolerance of fluid therapy is essential for patient safety.