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Cognitive Impairment and Tramadol Dependence.

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Cognitive impairment is common in tramadol abuse patients, affecting 81% compared to 28% in controls. Polysubstance abuse significantly increases the risk of cognitive deficits in tramadol users.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Substance abuse, particularly tramadol, is a significant public health issue.
  • Cognitive impairment is a known consequence of substance abuse.
  • Tramadol abuse is prevalent in Egypt.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in tramadol abusers.
  • To identify factors associated with cognitive impairment in tramadol abusers.
  • To compare cognitive function between tramadol abusers and control subjects.

Main Methods:

  • 100 tramadol abuse patients and 100 matched controls were recruited from Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt.
  • Patients were categorized into tramadol-only and polysubstance abuse groups.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, supplemented by urine drug screening.

Main Results:

  • 81% of tramadol abusers exhibited cognitive impairment versus 28% of controls.
  • Cognitive impairment was more prevalent in tramadol-only users (67%) compared to controls (28%).
  • Polysubstance abuse was significantly associated with cognitive impairment; no association was found with sociodemographic or clinical factors.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent among individuals abusing tramadol.
  • Memory impairment is the most frequently affected cognitive domain.
  • Polysubstance abuse is a significant correlate of cognitive impairment in tramadol users.