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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
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Polyphenols and DNA Damage: A Mixed Blessing.

Amaya Azqueta1,2, Andrew Collins3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009 Pamplona, Spain. amazqueta@unav.es.

Nutrients
|December 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyphenols, found in plant foods, show antioxidant and potential cancer-protective effects. Research indicates they can reduce DNA damage in humans and animals, though high concentrations may be harmful.

Keywords:
DNA damageDNA protectionflavonoidshuman studiesin vitroin vivopolyphenols

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Molecular Toxicology
  • Cancer Prevention Research

Background:

  • Polyphenols are abundant plant compounds with antioxidant properties.
  • They are investigated for their potential role in cancer prevention, particularly through the consumption of fruits and vegetables.
  • Understanding their impact on genetic damage is crucial for evaluating their health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific literature on the effects of polyphenols on genetic damage.
  • To analyze findings from human trials, animal experiments, and cell culture studies.
  • To assess the dose-dependent effects of polyphenols on DNA damage and repair.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of human trials, animal experiments, and cell culture studies.
  • Analysis of various assays used to measure genetic damage endpoints.
  • Categorization of studies based on polyphenol administration: whole foods/drinks, plant extracts, or individual compounds.

Main Results:

  • Human trials suggest polyphenols decrease endogenous DNA damage and protect blood cells from induced damage.
  • Animal studies generally show protective effects of polyphenols against DNA-damaging agents, especially at high doses.
  • Cell culture experiments reveal that high polyphenol concentrations can induce DNA damage, while low concentrations tend to decrease it.

Conclusions:

  • Polyphenols exhibit a complex, dose-dependent effect on genetic damage.
  • Evidence from human and animal studies supports a protective role against DNA damage, suggesting benefits for cancer prevention.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate optimal dosages and mechanisms for therapeutic applications.