Basal Cell-Extracellular Matrix Adhesion Regulates Force Transmission during Tissue Morphogenesis.
Katharine Goodwin1, Stephanie J Ellis1, Emily Lostchuck1
1Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Developmental Cell
|December 7, 2016
Summary
Integrins mediate cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, regulating force transmission during tissue development. This study reveals how integrins control tension in developing tissues, essential for morphogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
- Biophysics
Background:
- Tissue morphogenesis relies on coordinated force generation and transmission.
- Mechanisms integrating forces across developing tissues remain poorly understood.
- Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion is crucial for tissue organization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of integrin-mediated cell-ECM adhesion in force transmission during Drosophila dorsal closure (DC).
- To elucidate how basal adhesions modulate tension propagation in the amnioserosa (AS) epithelium.
- To determine if integrins facilitate force transmission to the underlying substrate.
Main Methods:
- Identification of integrin-containing focal adhesion-like structures in the AS epithelium.
- Genetic manipulation of integrin-mediated adhesion.
- Quantitative image analysis of cell behavior and tissue mechanics.
- Laser ablation experiments to assess force transmission.
Main Results:
- Genetic disruption of integrin-mediated adhesion led to defective dorsal closure.
- Basal cell-ECM adhesions resisted apical cell displacements and mediated inter-cellular force transmission.
- Evidence for integrin-dependent force transmission to the AS substrate was observed.
Conclusions:
- Integrins are essential regulators of force transmission within and between cells during tissue development.
- Basal cell-ECM adhesions play a critical role in transmitting apical tension in the AS epithelium.
- Integrin-mediated adhesion is a key mechanism for integrating forces during morphogenesis.
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