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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Manual Construction of a Tissue Microarray using the Tape Method and a Handheld Microarrayer
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Constructing Tissue Microarrays: Protocols and Methods Considering Potential Advantages and Disadvantages for

Lynne Bingle1, Felipe P Fonseca2, Paula M Farthing3

  • 1Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK. l.bingle@sheffield.ac.uk.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 8, 2016
PubMed
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Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are powerful tools for biomarker discovery and validation. This guide explains manual TMA construction techniques, highlighting potential disadvantages for researchers.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Histopathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tissue microarrays (TMAs) have been utilized since the 1980s, initially by a limited research community.
  • Recent years show a significant surge in TMA applications for biomarker discovery and validation.
  • Increased availability of manual and automated TMA builders has accelerated their adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the fundamental techniques for constructing a tissue microarray using a manual approach.
  • To provide a theoretical understanding of the practical steps involved in TMA creation.
  • To offer guidance on considering potential disadvantages associated with TMA techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Manual construction of tissue microarrays.
  • Detailed explanation of theoretical principles behind practical TMA building steps.
Keywords:
BiomarkerCandidateImmunohistochemistryMicroarrayTissueValidation

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  • Consideration of potential limitations and disadvantages of the TMA technique.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful application of TMAs in numerous biomarker discovery and validation studies.
    • Increased accessibility and utilization of TMA technology due to market availability of builders.
    • Comprehensive understanding of manual TMA construction for researchers.

    Conclusions:

    • Tissue microarrays are increasingly vital tools in biomedical research.
    • Manual TMA construction methods are well-defined and explained.
    • Awareness of potential disadvantages is crucial for effective TMA utilization.